Varities veins - Pathological stretching of the peripheral veins walls, accompanied by the valve apparatus failure and a violation of local blood flow.The altered vessels seem extended, wrapped and swollen in the form of superficial nodes appears.The main section of the lesion is the veins of the lower extremities.The patient's first complaint may be limited to a cosmetic defect in the form of vascular networks.In the context of the progression of the disease, a feeling of gravity in the legs and seizures unites. Varicose veins, as a rule, most often bother women.The most common location is the subcutaneous veins of the legs, slightly less frequency - the hips.There are a group of factors that cause pathological stretching of the vascular wall: of external influences, ending with a genetic predisposition.It is worth becoming familiar with the causes of varicose veins in the legs.
The causes of varicose veins
At the bottom of the valve device disorders and an increase in blood flow volume, there is a persistent expansion of the vascular lumen.The composition of the venous walls includes connective tissue, which, with excessive stretching, is not able to decrease to the original state.The symptoms of the varicose veins of the affected veins of the lower extremities progress: the blood that moves along the stretched vessels is subjected to stagnation, exerting even greater pressure on them.This, in turn, leads to violations of tropism of surrounding tissues.
Basic
The causes of varicose veins are numerous and can be combined with each other.The main factors include:
- Characteristics of physical activity.Varicose veins are often found in men involved in constant weight lifting (motors).People of professions associated with prolonged standing standing (hairdressers), the sitting position (office workers) are also subject to disease.
- Obesity.Applies to a significant number of overweight.
- Hormonal changes.For example, the causes of varicose veins in women are a decrease in vascular tone during pregnancy against the background of progesterone production, taking any medicine for medicinal hormone.
- Heredity.There are known cases of inheritance of the structure of connective tissue structure, which increase the likelihood of taking care of varicose veins.
Secondary
Both lifestyle characteristics and some types of diseases can aggravate a violation of venous blood flow.Secondary causes of varicose veins:
- Unknown shoes, symptoms of varicose veins in women (gravity in the legs, cramps, vascular mesh) - a frequent consequence of prolonged walks in high heels.
- Excessively tight clothes.
- Irrational sports (raising the bar).
- Internal organs and veins of varicosis systems due to severe chronic cardiovascular failure.
- Arteriovenous shunts are a pathological transfer of arterial blood to the venous canal.
- Education that pressures the surrounding vessels.
- Stress, due to the general disorder of the regulation of the tone of arteries and veins.
Stages
Varicosis at the lower ends is not a pathology that emerges simultaneously, but a process gradually developing.In medical practice, various types of classifications are used.
The simplest and most universal shares 3 degrees:
- Compensation - Small cosmetic defects with no characteristic complaints.
- Subcompensted - Stagnation Progression, Development of Classical Symptoms.
- Decompensation - Union of complications of varicose veins.
In demand between experts is the clinical classification developed in 2000. The varicose veins in the legs include 4 stages:
- Varicose veins of subcutaneous or intradermal veins, not accompanied by a violation of venous blood discharge.
- Segmental varicose veins with venous blood discharge in the veins of the lower ends (superficial).
- Extensive varicose veins with the same discharge as in the previous stage.
- The discharge of venous blood in deep vessels.
Symptoms
The clinical course of varicose veins depends directly on the stage of the disease.In the early stages, complaints relate only to external defects in the form of vascular networks and stars in the legs.The following symptoms are later united:
- Varicose veins, the appearance of vascular subcutaneous nodes.
- Feeling of gravity, quick fatigue of the legs.
- Swelling of the lower ends, usually asymmetrical.
- Pain syndrome, even seizures, especially expressed at the end of the day.
Varicose veins, if you do not start treatment, may continue to cause metabolic disorders in surrounding tissues.Initially, this will appear in the form of dryness, skin pigmentation.In the decompensation phase, trophic ulcers appear, difficult to heal.
Which doctor is involved in the treatment of varicose veins
If symptoms appear, suspected of the presence of varicose veins in the legs, you should consult a specialist.The expert will determine the severity of the disease and prescribe conservative treatment.If there are indications for surgery, the doctor directs the patient to the vascular surgeon.
Diagnosis
To establish the fact of the disease, there is a sufficiently common examination by the doctor.To clarify the stage of varicose veins and the determination of therapeutic tactics, these research methods use:
- Clinical Biochemical Blood Examination - are included at least default.
- Ultrasound dopplerography is an assessment of vase forviety, the general condition of blood flow.
- Ultrasound duplex scanning - combines the standard ultrasound of tissues.
- Reasting is an assessment of the level of hemodynamics of the limbs.
- Angiography is an invasive radiological study based on the introduction of a vase contrast matter.
Treatment
The varicose veins in the legs are a pathology in the struggle against which an integrated approach is necessary.The type of treatment depends on the stage of the disease.In the early stages, they are limited to prescription drugs and noninvasive procedures.With the progression of varicose veins, they resort to surgery.
Medicine
Several medications can be considered not only as part of conservative therapy, but also as preventive medications to avoid varicose veins or their complications.Averages are produced in various ways: ointments, external use, tablets, capsules.Taking any of the medicines should be agreed with the doctor.Pain in the legs, swelling with varicose veins - symptoms that successfully lend conservative therapy in the early stages.Basically, use medications with anticoagulant, anticoagulant and moderate effects.Treatment, as a rule, begins with the following means of local influence:
- With sodium heparin.
- Combined.
Procedures
The treatment of varicose veins of the lower ends is based on the following mechanisms: improving regional blood flow through physical activity, artificial narrowing of blood vessels using external compression or a complete overlap of affected vein lumen.
Noninvasive methods:
- Therapeutic Gymnastics.
- Using compression meshes.
Invasive procedures:
- Sclerotherapy.It is based on the introduction of substances with sticky properties.The block vessel moves from the total blood flow.Manipulation is indicated with the initial symptoms of the lower extremities varicose veins.It is not suitable for removing very large nodes.
- Ozonotherapy.At first it is similar to the previous methodology.The introduction of ozone helps in the fight against vascular stars.
Folkloric methods
The use of funds in this category requires a mandatory conversation with the assistant doctor.Folk recipes can reduce the symptoms of varicose veins, but not completely cure.For this reason, they should be considered only as an auxiliary agent.
Examples of recipes:
- Put 3 apples in boiling water, cover with a lid and leave for 4 hours over fire.Drink softened apples, leave in a pan, mix.Variety.Add honey (1 tablespoon of spoon) to the resulting solution before use).Take a half -Agregator before meals.
- Ointment with horse chestnut.Proportions - 5 brown fruits, 5 tablespoons of its flowers, 500 ml from the base (vegetable oil or Vaseline).Write up materials, mix all components.Put in bath -maria, keep no more than 3 hours.Variety.
Surgery
Surgical treatment is the choice of choice in cases where therapeutic methods to combat varicose veins are not effective.Currently, several surgical techniques have been developed that differ in the degree of invasiveness.Types of procedures in an increase in surgical intervention volume:
- Laser coagulation of leg vessels.It is divided into endovasal and without contact.In the first case, we are talking about the installation of a laser coagulator in the lumen of the affected vase under local anesthesia, in the second one the use of a laser without violating the integrity of the skin.The purpose of the methodology is to "cauterize" the affected area.Suitable for cases where varicose veins do not exceed 10 mm in diameter.
- Flebectomy.It is a radical surgical method for eliminating varicose veins.Treatment is based on direct removal of the affected vessel.It is performed under general anesthesia under operating conditions.
Complications
What are varicose veins in the legs?This is originally a low -sympomic disease, full of serious complications as it progresses.It should be understood that swollen veins are a potential threat to overall health.
Phlebitis
It is an inflammation of the venous wall.Flebitis is caused by its excessive stretch and, as a result, the microtrauma of the inner coating of the vase.It is the most common complication of the varicose veins located in the legs.As a rule, symptoms manifest asymmetrically.The first complaint that can cause suspicions is the appearance of painful pain, intensifying when touched in the affected area.The place of inflammation is compacted, the skin becomes hyperemic, hot in contact.With the development of acute phlebitis, the pain burns, unbearable, the lid over the sick place takes a bright red color.
Thrombophlebitis
The specified complication of varicose veins arises, as a rule, follows the previous one.The mechanism of occurrence is the formation of a blood clot in the inflamed area of the vein.The flute thrombus is particularly dangerous.One part is fixed to the vascular wall, and the other floats freely in the lumen at the blood flow beat.The "tail" formed from the waist -affected varizer runs the risk of walking away and taking off toward the heart.The symptoms of thrombophlebitia of the veins from the lower ends are similar to the signs of phlebitis.Hyperthermia, chills and weakness can join them.Given the potential danger of such a state, in the presence of these complaints, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible.
Phlebotrombosis
The complication of varicose veins caused by the blow of the thrombus in the lumen of the deep veins.Symptoms depend directly on the location of the blood clot.If, for example, forming at the calf muscle level, a sense of rupture will be disturbed, the swelling will spread to an ankle.Edema and pain syndrome are distributed across the lower limb when Bloodboard enters the venous network at the abdominal cavity level.Flebotrombosis is often difficult to diagnose.The symptoms of this complication of varicose veins usually have a lubricated clinical picture, and the pathology manifests itself in the form of any life -threatening state.With the timely detection of a complication, the doctor can resort not only to the conservative but also to surgical treatment.
Pulmonary artery thromboembolism (pulmonary
A blood clot, which has been torn from the venous wall, moves into the right parts of the heart, then pushes the pulmonary artery, causing a block of its branches.Depending on the caliber of the affected vessels, the pathology flow varies from an asymptomatic to acute, rapid radius.Screen Signs:
- Sudden breathing lack - the patient "catches" the air with his mouth, like a fish.
- Tachycardia.
- Algic syndrome is characterized by pain as a heart attack.
- General weakness.
- An increase in temperature for subebril numbers (37-38 ° C).
- The blue of the skin, a cast tone.
- Cough.
- Heltering.
This consequence of varicose veins is threatening of life and requires emergency measures.The treatment is performed in a resuscitation department.In addition to the above complications, other consequences of varicose veins may occur:
- Trophic ulcers are one of your last symptoms of varicose veins.
- Bleeding from a broken vein.
- Dermatitis.
Prevention
The disease can be warned even before the symptoms of varicose veins appeared.Prevention measures include:
- Competent distribution of physical activity.It is recommended to switch the walk with seat.With a high predisposition to varicose veins, it is worth excluding the elevation of serious loads, a work associated with a prolonged position in the legs.
- Wearing comfortable shoes and clothes.The allowed height of the heel does not exceed 4 cm.
- Corporal weight correction.Normal weight is an indicator that significantly reduces the likelihood of varicose veins symptoms.
- The use of compression meshes (as prescribed by a doctor).If a sense of gravity appears, fatigue in the legs against the background of physical activity, work associated with a prolonged position, we are talking about the clothes of the 1st degree of compression.
- Foot massage (only in the absence of pronounced varicose veins).It can be performed independently.
What are varicose veins?This is an excerpt from the walls of the peripheral veins, whose occurrence is more associated with the characteristics of the lifestyle.In the early stages, it creates the illusion of "innovation".However, the underestimation of the insidiousness of varicose veins is full of complications that are difficult to eliminate.With the help of simple preventive measures, you can prevent not only the pathology itself, but also to prevent its distant dangerous consequences.